Publications

Capacitance Resistance Model (CRM) and Production Attribute Mapping (PAM) are example of waterflood analysis methods which utilize dynamic production and injection data. However, even though the data source is the same, the analysis will not always align between these two methods. This study objective is to develop a methodology to cohesively align CRM & PAM for waterflood performance evaluation. The ideas are to align and reconcile these two methods based on fluids movement, sweep efficiency and pressure correlation with injection data. Bravo field has been chosen as a case study since it has an abundant dynamic production, injection and pressure data and also supported with an updated earth model as validation tools. The result indicated that integrated application of CRM and PAM is a strong analytical tool to execute history matching and performing waterflood optimization in Bravo field. CRM and PAM integration can quantify connectivity between injector and producer, determine sealing and leaking fault, locate channelling between injection and producer and calculate the remaining opportunity in the field. Validation phase from the new work flow is by comparing the result with the existing Geologic and Geophysics data including log data and cross section, isopach map and earth model. In conclusion, a workflow to combine these methods has enabled more comprehensive analysis of reservoir performance optimization. Application of the analysis and workflow in Bravo field has resulted in developing strategy for waterflood optimization including new injection strategy and producer-to-injector conversion candidate selection, identifying new infill well location, characterization of injector-producer connectivity and waterflood impact forecasting. CRM and PAM integration is a simple but powerful method to evaluate waterflood performance. It has opportunity to be applied in other waterflood fields worldwide.