Publications

As the unconventional reservoirs such as tight gas, shale oil/gas, heavy oil and CBM becomes economically beneficial, technological development will be accelerated and mostly focused on the stimulation. Proppant is a part of the hydraulic fracturing which is the main stimulation method. A brief introduction about the proppant relationship to the fracture conductivity is introduced. The paper then overviews the latest development of proppant selection which had been focused on its type, size and shape, weight, and compressive strength, though its compatibility with the pad for the placement is also significant. Several problems such as proppant placement, embedment and proppant flowback are also discussed.