Publications

Carbonate formations of the Banggai Basin have been proven to be hydrocarbon producers. This research examines Salodik Group properties and provides an analogue to the subsurface reservoir for further development. The methods used in this study are the outcrop samplings at some traverses through fieldwork and laboratory analyses, including petrography, biostratigraphy and SEM. Based on the analyses results and lineament imaging, formation distributions, traverse profiles and cross-sections were generated. Furthermore, facies and reef systems were determined in every formation based on petrographic and biostratigraphic results, by considering organisms, composition, and texture. Based on facies, reef system, and diagenetic environment distribution, a paleogeographic model were interpreted in every age from Middle Eocene to Early Pliocene to represent a better understanding of Salodik Group depositional environment and tectonic events. Through this fieldwork, Salodik Group on the surface was characterized into several equivalent formations in the subsurface, including Lower Tomori Formation, Upper Tomori Formation, Minahaki Formation and Mentawa Member. The formations distribution was greatly influenced by southwest-northeast thrust faults, determined based on lineaments and biostratigraphic analyses, resulting in repetition of the age on some traverses. Formations thickness varies, from approximately 180 to 300 meters. Each formation contains specific facies developed on back to off reef, and depends on organism and texture found through petrographic and biostratigraphic analyses. SEM analysis shows a series of tectonic events that affected the diagenetic process that developed in every formation and age. Banggai Microcontinent collision and further carbonate exposure that produced intense vuggy porosity were indicated by the meteoric vadose diagenetic process since Upper Tomori developed in Late Oligocene. The diagenetic process has a significant role. It generated significant porosity, including in dolomitic and planktonic facies, and possibly influenced further development in carbonate reservoirs, especially in Salodik Group.