Publications

Waterflooding is still the most common improved oil recovery method in Indonesia. Not only because of the simple and costly visible, but also because of Indonesian typical reservoir and oil characteristic still referring that waterflood is the favourable option to optimize field production. Moreover, by the advancement of the software features that available in market, it provides more detailed capability to model and analyze waterflood operation and performance. First waterflooding pilot project in TPN Field was implemented in 1991; it was followed by bigger scale operations in 1995 although the result was not optimum. The oil incremental was only observed in the first phase of injection, it was gradually declined afterwards followed by increasing water production. It was high possibility caused by lack of project plan and evaluation, poor injection patterns, and reservoir geology complexity. However, due to high oil remaining reserves, the Waterflood project was continued; initially by re-evaluating the waterflood performance from 1995 to 2015 using the latest computer and visualization technology. The new method has uncovered the reservoir uncertainty. This study elaborates many aspect of evaluation. It was highly supported by tracer and streamline analysis to understand reservoir and well behavior. In addition, well performance analysis which showed injector-to-producer pairing, relationship between production and injection water were being considered as well. As the result, the injector well efficiency was estimated to be used as reference of the field development plan. Several scenarios applied in this study were including producer-to-injector conversion, injector addition, injection rate increment, and the combination of the alternatives. Simulation result shows the sensitivity of each alternative and optimum scenario on field development, practically and economically.