Publications

Seismic data acquisition is the earliest stage of seismic exploration. It utilizes wave propagation generated by the source and records at specified locations on the surface by receivers. Several things such as noise, elevation effect, weathering layer, offset, etc. obtained during acquisition must be corrected during seismic data processing to create an image of the subsurface to enable geological interpretation. The development of various seismic data processing methods have advanced over several decades. The main aim of the development is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio on seismic data that will lead to the discovery of new prospects in oil and gas exploration. In recent years, 5D Interpolation has become widely accepted and used in the industry to increase the signal-to-noise ratio. This method can increase fold coverage which directly impacts the quality of seismic. It can also fill the blank traces and correct irregular acquisition geometry. This method works on five-dimension data i.e Inline direction CDP gathers, Crossline direction CDP gathers, Inline direction offsets, Crossline direction offsets and time Three of the five dimension are regular (time and cdp direction) and two are irregular (offset directions). Theoretically, this method is only used to regularize the geometry and fill small gaps within the geometry. The effectiveness of this method was tested on 3D Seismic Bentu which was acquired during the period of the pandemic covid-19. Various restrictions in crew mobilization, access to the survey area, and social issues during the pandemic impacted this seismic activity. Those difficulties made it impossible in some areas to do recording activities and subsequently made the subsurface data in those areas incomplete. The 5D Interpolation was then applied in two steps. The first step was geometry interpolation for the receiver & source line, followed by the second step of Inline direction offsets and Crossline direction offsets interpolation in common offset vector (COV) or offset vector tiles (OVT). This method proved to successfully fill in all the gaps. Generally, it was also able to suppress noise which led to better reflector continuity. In addition, some bright spots that correlate to hydrocarbons looked promising in this area. The 5D interpolation was one of several workflows applied to the data, but its capabilities become key to subsurface imaging and more broadly for hydrocarbon exploration.