Publications

Large-scale lithofacies variations are often observed within subsurface depositional sequences by different seismic facies. Seismic facies are 3-dimensional units recognized visually by their amplitude, frequency, internal reflection continuity, and reflection configuration. Much terminology exists to describe combinations of these characteristics and define particular seismic facies, for example, reflection free, parallel-discontinuous, chaotic and clinoform facies. However, such characteristics can also be defined mathematically from 3D seismic data, using algorithms referred to as windowed seismic attributes.Post-stack seismic attributes comprise 3 types :(i) Instantaneous seismic attributes(ii) Single-trace windowed seismic attributes(ii) Multi-trace windowed seismic attributesInstantaneous attributes describe individual cells within a 3D volume and are commonly used to produce conventional horizon slices. In contrast, both single-trace and multi-trace attributes are calculated over a specified vertical and/or horizontal range (window) of seismic data, and therefore describe seismic character variations in 3D space. By using single-trace and multi-trace attributes defined by the top and base of mapped sequences or systems tracts, it is possible to image their internal seismic facies variations.