Publications

Environmental pollution caused by produced water from the oil and gas industry has become a social issue. Naturally produced water from upstream oil and gas exploration and exploitation activity contains hazardous and toxic compounds such as COD, Phenol, TDS, Oil, H2S, and NH3. Indonesian regulations relating to this issue are the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 19 of 2010 and the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No.13 of 2007. Production from a three-phase reservoir causes the oil layer to decrease and the water layer below to increase in volume. The bubble point phenomenon makes pressure in the reservoir continue to decrease. If this continues then the oil bubble point will continue to decrease and the resulting changes in the oil phase into the gas. One method to maintainthe pressure is by injecting produced water back into the water layer aquifer in the reservoir. Produced water injection is an alternative for cheap and safe wastewater disposal while maintaining pressure in the reservoir. The study area of injection well and the feasibility of well to be injection wells are determined through the stages of field survey, injection wells site mapping, and determine injection wells as the target zone. It is based on the reservoir study towards the zones that already have a pressure reservoir in decline status and has been verified that between each well are related in the same zone. Geological data needed are injection capacity, bottom hole pressure, permeability, porosity, presence of confinement andcontainment zone (impermeable layer), geologically injection wells should be protected from groundwater sources, and data properties of rocks. Produced water injection is an effective and relatively inexpensive alternative way of waste disposal that reduce the water pollution load in surface water and maintain reservoir pressure in production activities.