Publications

The Common-Refection-Surface (CRS) stack is macro-model independent seismic reflection imaging method that provides a simulated zerooffset (ZO) section as well as three kinematic wavefield attributes from 2-D multi-coverage data. These attributes are wave-related characteristics,i.e., Emergence-Angle, Normal-Incident-Point (NIP) wave radius and Normal wave radius. The attributes are derived from the CRS stacking equation. Due to its full coverage data use, the CRS stack section results in a higher S/N ratio image then the conventional (NMO/DMO-) stack. The underlying theory of CRS stack is, however, developed for imaging primary events only, i.e., no special means is provided to overcome different kind of multiples. By modifying a so-called constrained automatic CMP stack, it will be shown that CRS stack can be used to attenuate multiples, or at least, to identify the location of multiples in the seismic section using the CRS kinematic wavefield attributes. The limitations and opportunities of applying CRS stack for creating high resolution seismic images are studied by performing tests on real seismic data coming from challenging marine acquisition environments with typical strong water-bottom multiples. The analysis of tests shows that CRS stack is a strong data-oriented imaging method that requires suitable data pre-conditioning in order to achieve a high resolution seismic image.Keywords: CRS stack, kinematic wavefield attributes, high resolution seismic image, data preconditioning