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Produced water treatment plant (PWTP) in the oil and gas production activities is primarily planned to reduce the oil content as to meet the government regulation. The treatments are mainly physical processes, which involve separation of oil and water using several devices such as Corrugated Plate Interception, Air or Gas Flotation Unit and APISeparator. Some chemicals may be added to the process to break the oil-in-water emulsions.Produced water contains dissolved substances, such as phenols, aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and others that the concentration may exceed the permissible concentration's limits. These substances are hardly removed from the water by the physical processes only. Secondary treatment processes, therefore, are needed for reducing the concentration of these substances. The secondary treatments would be either chemical or biological processes depending on the problems that have to be solved.Remarks concerning the need of secondary treatment processes in PWTP are discussed in the paper. Special emphasis on phenol removal and the problems arising with the process conditions, such as flow rate, pH, effect of the oil, salinity, etc., will be given as a case study.