Publications

Inherently Safer Design describes the optimal way of managing hazards, while Inherently Greener Design describes a green strategy based on the net zero commitment to the regulations. The integration of Inherently Safer and Greener design (ISGD) will be adopted following the subsequent steps such as early identification of ISGD Principles, Description Coverage, review of project ISGD goals, and then brainstorming ISGD opportunities for the greenfield project. This will review the defined ISGD principles to address potential hazards in all aspects and to ensure all main attributes of an ISGD are considered i.e., eliminate, minimize, substitute, moderate, and simplify. A list of ISGD goals and ISGD opportunities/initiatives will be developed and reviewed. Furthermore, the ISD goals and opportunities will be discussed and recorded, with a key determination of themes and assessment of impact. Input opportunities into the register and determining if they meet the goals in the Select phase will involve assessing the environmental aspect and an ISGD workshop to come up with ISGD initiatives. All the initiatives will go through BAT assessment scopes 1 and 2 (option comparison with benchmark CAPEX + OPEX and SWOT Analysis). The process summary diagram shows the requirements to conduct a joint workshop to offset the carbon footprint required by the technology and propose potential technology options. The option will then be assessed based on geological conditions, regulatory and policy support, SWOT analysis, BAT assessment, and benchmark CAPEX and OPEX figures. Lastly, it will demonstrate ALARP and ELARP against market outlooks, investment, and local competition. The option assessment/comparison of SWOT analysis, BAT assessment, and benchmark CAPEX + OPEX needs to be at a certain Technology Readiness Level. This approach will bring significant benefits to the strategic greenfield project to attain safer and greener design at the earliest stage of development.